Evaporation deals with the concentration of a non-volatile solute from a solution by the removal of required amount of volatile solvent. Usually the solvent is water. By vaporizing a part of the solvent, useful product i.e. the concentrated solution or thick is produced and the vapour is discarded. Long tube evaporators are usually used for the concentration of foamy liquids. The set-up is consists of two evaporators fitted in series. Each is made up of Stainless Steel tubes surrounded by a Stainless Steel jacket and fitted with accumulator. Dilute solution is feed to the first evaporator. Steam from a steam generator is supplied to evaporator to concentrate the dilute feed solution to a desired level. The jacket is fitted with a steam trap and the condensate is collected at the end of trap. The vapours of volatile solvent produced in first evaporator are supplied to the second evaporator. The vapours of volatile solvent are condensed in a shell tube type condenser and the balance non-volatile solute collected in the accumulator is recycled through the evaporator.
Learning Objectives/Experiments:
- To concentrate a solution and to evaluate the following at steady state:
- Material and Heat Balance.
- Economy and the capacity of the evaporator for different feeding arrangement.
- Overall heat transfer co-efficient.
Technical Specifications:
- Evaporator (1st ): Shell Dia – 75mm, Length – 500mm, Made of Stainless Steel
- Tubes Dia – 12mm, Length – 500mm
- Evaporator (2nd): Shell Dia – 75mm, Length – 500mm, Made of Stainless Steel
- Tubes Dia – 12mm, Length – 500mm
- Feed Tank : Material Stainless Steel, Capacity 30 Ltrs.
- Flow measurement : Rotameters (One each for feed cold water).
- Steam Generator : Made of Stainless Steel provided with Pressure Gauge Level
- Indicator, Safety valve and drain etc. insulated with ceramic wool and cladding with Aluminium foil.
- Piping : Stainless Steel and PVC, size ¼”.
- Condenser : Shell Tube type made of Stainless Steel.
- Bottom product tank : Made of Stainless Steel, capacity 10 Ltrs.
- Water supply tank : Made of Stainless Steel, capacity 50 Ltrs.
- for condenser
- Pump : FHP capacity
- Heaters : Nichrome wire Heater.
- The whole set-up is ingeniously designed and schematically arranged on a powder- coated rigid structure.
Control Panel:
Digital Temp. Controller : 0-199.9°C. (For Steam Generator)
Digital Temp. Indicator : 0-199.9°C, with multi-channel switch.
Temp. Sensors : RTD PT-100 type-8Nos.
Standard make On/Off switch, Mains Indicator etc.
